Incinerator



Patented Dec. 6, 1927.

BERNARD F. .SHAUGHNESSY, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

INCINERATOR.

Application led October 7, 1925. Serial No. 60,960.

rlhe invention Arelates to incinerators for burning garbage and otherrefuse, and aims to provide a novel and improved furnace ,'Of that kindwhich -Will be practical and etli- A further object is the provision ofa novel. 'door construction for the hreboX 1n order that access may behad to the material in the lirebox in a convenientand efficient mannerfor purpose of poking 'or stirring the material on the grate.

The invention has among its other objectsl to provide novel means fordelivering the material into the furnace, novel means for retiecting andconcentrating the heat in the combustion chamber, novel Watercirculating means, and novel features of construction and arrangement'ofthe component elements of the incinerator.

The present incinerator is an improvement over the refuse incineratordisclosed in my Patent No. 1,479,875, granted January 8, 1924.

With the foregoing and other objects in View, which Will be apparent asthe description proceeds, the invention resides in the construction andarrangement of parts, as hereinafter described and claimed, it beingunderstood that changes can be made Within the scope of what is claimed,Without departing from the spirit of the invention.

The invention illustrated in the accompanying drawings, Wherein- Figure1 illustrates the improved incinerator, partly in side elevation andpartly in vertical section.

Fig. 2 is an enlargedA cross section on the line 2--2 of Fig. 1.

T he furnace proper has the side Walls 1l yat the opposite sides of thecombustion chamber, and composed of refractory bricks or other suitablematerial. The bricks composing the Walls 11 are supported on longitudmalWater chambers 12 extending the length ofthe combustion chamber, andsaid Water chambers 12 are suspended by hangers 13 from longitudinalbeams 14. Said beams 14 are supported by the end Walls of the furnacestruc-` ture or frame, and may be supported in any suitable manner, itbeing noted that the Walls 1l being supported on the Water chambers ormembers 12, and said members or chambers 12 being suspended from thebeams 14, will support the Walls 11 from said beams. 14.

Longitudinal members 15 are disposed on the beams 14 and longitudinaldrums 16 are seated on said members 15.. The drums hold water to beheated by `the furnace. The drums 16 at the opposite sides are connectedby cross pipes 17 to establishcommunication between said drums, and saidpipes 1T also support the top 18 of the furnace, which may be ofbricks.

The top 18 of the furnace has an opening 19 through which the refuserisdelivered into the furnace, and a chute 20 rises from said opening 19and has a closed top. The opening 19 and chute 20 are elongatedlongitudinally of the furnace, and the chute 20 rises Within a hopper 21into which the refuse is dumped. The chute 2O has openings 22 in itsopposite sides controlled by depending Yalves or shutters 23 which arehinged Within the chute at their upper edges, to swing inwardly, andoperating levers 24 are operably connected With said valves to swingthem open and closed. Vit-h the refuse in the hopper 21 the valves 2,3may be opened the desired amount to let the material drop down y throughthe opening 19 into the furnace, and

it is possible to control the delivery of the material into the furnaceso as to avoid the material packing Within the furnace. This feedingarrangement for the furnace also avoids any possibility for Workmen orattendants dropping into the furnace accidentally.

A Water cooled basket grate is disposed nace and includes longitudinallyspaced sections, each of which has the vertical pipes 25 adjacent to theopposite side Walls 11, with their upper terminals 26 extendingoutwardlyv at right angles and journaled through the members 15. Thelower terminals of the pipes 25 of each grate section are curved toconverge toward one another and are secured to a coupling 27. Couplings28 are securedV to the terminal portions 26 of the pipes 25 at theexterior of the furnace, and vertical pipes 29 have their upper endsIconnected to the couplings 28. ElboWS` 304 connect the lower ends of thepipes 29 With transverse pipes 31 that are also connected vWithin thecombustion chamber of the furi the material therein so that it willdropA Pipes v to the coupling 27 of the gratesection. The elbows 30 havehandles .32 for conveniently .swingingthe grate sections, it being notedthat said grate sections are suspended for `longitudinal swin ingmovement about the downA into the Iirebox underneath.

- 33 connected to the drums 16 have swivel connections with thecouplings 28, so that said couplings mayturn 'with the basket vgratesections, and the pipes 33 also convey the Water to and from the drums.Water heated in the pipes 25 rises therein, while the-cooler water willpassthrough the pipes 29 and 3.1 into the lower ends of the pipes 25,thereby establishing the circulation of the water. The hot water willrisev into the drums 16 fromv which it may be withdrawn.

The water chambers 12, which may have suitable inlets or outlets for thewater, have face plates 34 extending downwardly at the outer sides ofthe furnace, and provided with slots 35 through which the pipes 31extend, thereby permitting the basket grate sections to be oscillated.VThe elbows 30 have closures 36 that cover the slots35.

A base or bottom 37 of concrete or otherY suitable material is providedhaving the side walls 38 below the walls 11, and longitudinal airconduits 39 are mounted on the Walls 38 at the inner sides thereof, andhave inclined ings 41 at their inner sides controlled by doors or valves42 which may beopened by any suitable means (not shown) to admit airinto said conduits, o r to discharge ashes and other accumulationstherefrom. The

V conduits 39 have doors 42EL at the rear ends thereof, whereby therea-r ends ofthe conduits may be opened to receive air so as Atodischarge upwardly through the grates 40. The 'ash pit 43 is locatedbetween the walls 38 below the bottom grate composed of the sections 44which are mounted on transverse rock shafts 45 that extend through theconduits 39 and walls 38, and suitable gearing 46 is' provided forturning said shafts so that the grate sections 44 may be tilted to dumpthe material therefrom into the ash pit. A

Rails 47 are mounted on the walls 38 and are spaced below 'the chambersor members 12 toprovide openings in the sides of the furnace extendingthe length of the furnace. A series of sliding doors 48 is mounted ineach opening` and rollers 49 are preferably s mounted in the rails 47 onwhich the doors move freely longitudinally. Flanged strips 50arelcarried by the door 48. and engage the lower edges of the plates 34so as to guide the doors for longitudinal movement,

and each door has a handle 51 at the exterior so that the doors may beslid 'conven-v iently. It will be noted that the doors may be slid apartat any longitudinal point of the firebox, so that access may be had tothe material on the bottom grate at any longitudinal point, for theinsertion of a poker or other implement to stir the material. All of thedoors 48 being slidable longitudinally .will enable a poker or implementto be inserted at any longitudinal point of either side opening, andjust sufficient opening can be provided between the separated. doors asto admit the poker or implement Without an excessively large openinginto.

the iirebox being necessary.

The doors 48 have refractory liiings52 to reflect the heat back into thelirebox, and

said linings have concaved recesses, .as shown, for concentrating thereflected heat rays on the material so as to venhance com-A bustion.Similarly, the inner surfaces of the bricks of the Walls 1l may beconcaved, as seen in F ig. 2, for reflecting and concen.- trating theheat rays on the material in the basket grate.

In rear of the ash pit 43 is a tunnel 53 intowhich air isdischargedthrough a noz# zle 54 from a. suitable air blower (not shown). The airis discharged forwardly s0 as to pass into the ash pit 43 and up throughthe -grate sections 44k Also, when the doors or., valves 42 are openedthe air will be delivered into the conduits 39 to pass up-V Wardlythrough the grates 40.

A track extends through the ash pit 43 and tunnel 53 and comprises therails 55 mounted on the base or bottom 37, and a truck or car 56 ismovable on the track, being run into the ash pit 43 below the bottomgrate of the irebox so as to catch the ashes. A door 57 is provided atthe rear end of the-tunnel 53 to close the tunnel 4at this point, so asto prevent the How of air through the rear end ofthe tunnel, and SaidllU door is slidable or movable out of the way for the passage of thetruck56 when m'oving the truck into or out of the incinerator.

In rear of the rear wall 58 of the furnace and above the tunnel 53 is achamber or housing 59, and the iear wall 58 has a discharge o ening 60leading from the rear porton of the basket grate to a space 61 in theupper portion of the housing 59. Vertical transversepartitions 62, 63and 64 are pro vided in the housing 59, and there is a vertical Hue 65between the partition 62 and Wall 58, With a discharge opening 66 in thewall 58 leading fromthe rear end of the lirebox into the flue 65. rllheproducts of combustion pass from the firebox through the opening 66 intothe flue 65, and smoke and' products of combustion from lthe basketspace 61. Vertical flues 67 and 68 are provided between the partitions62, 63 and 64,

4and open at their lower ends into the .tunnel 'mounted in thepartitions 62, 63 and 64, and

include tubular members 7 2 in the partition 62 and tubes 73 extendingthrough the partitions 63 and 64. The tubular members 7 2 are of largerdiameter than the tubes 73 and the forward ends of the tubes 73 arelocated close to the members 7 2. The tubular members 7 2 are formedwith grooves or flanges to give the gases a whirling motion when passingthrough said members 72, whereby centrifugal action will throw theheavier particles away from the centers of the streams of gases passingthrough the members 72 and tubes 7 3. Thus, the ashes, soot and otherheavier particles are discharged into theflue 67 around the tubes 7 3,and will pass'downwardly through the flue 67 into the tunnel 53 so as tobe returned to the flames which will consume such particles. The lightergases remaining at the centers of the streams will How through the tubes73 to the spice 70 in rear ot the partition 64. v

In rear of the housing 59 is a second hous ing 0r chamber 74 extendingfrom the housing 59 to the smoke stack 75 above the tunnel 53. Thepartition or wall between the housings 59 and 74 has an opening 76, andthe partition or wall between the housing 74 and stack 75 has an opening77. A valve or damper 78 controls the opening 77. Vithin the housingr4-between the openings 76 and 77 are means for separating the smoke.

and green gases from the flamesand products ot'` combustion passingalongthe center ot the flue-way leading from the opening 76 to the opening77. y Thus, a flange 79 Aextends rearwardly from the side and upperedges 'of the-opening 76. and a flange 81 extends forwardly from theside and upper edges of the opening 77. Hanges 79 and 8l are arches 3U.T he flanges 79 and 81 and arches 80 are spaced apart. and are ofgradually descreasing size rf 1rwardly from the opening 76 to theopening 77, thereby having a tendency to compress the gases as theyflowJ rearwardly to the stack. The flames and products of' combustionpass throngll the central portion ol the flue-nay which leads throughthe members 79, 8O and 8l of the separating means,

' While the smoke and green gases move along o5 \the sides and top ot'the flue-way and will be Between the deflected and crowded through theslots between the members 79, 8O and 8l, thereby separating the smokeand green gases from the more complete products of combustion that passinto the stack through the opening 77.

The housing 74 has a space S2 therein above the members or separators79, 8O and 8l, with an opening 83 leading into the smoke stack 75 andcontrolled by a damper or valve S4. The space 82 has another dischargeopening 85 controlled by a damper or valve 86, and a suction fan 87communicates with the opening 85 and has its discharge port-iondelivering into thc smoke stack. Disposed within the space 82 are gratesor screens 89 on which is disposed-tiltering material 90, which -may becoke, cinders, soil, or other suitable material to arrest particles otsoot, ashes and other solid material that.

enters the spaoe 82.

ln operation, the refuse is dumped in the hopper 2l and deliveredgradually into the furnace hy controlling the valves or doors 23. Yillematerial delivered through the opening 19 drops into the basket grate,and by delivering the material in small quantities into the furnace itwill not pack in the basket grate. The material in the basket gratebecomes heated and dried so that it will burn, and the sections of thebasket grate are shaken from time to time so that the dried materialatthe bottom of the basket grate will drop onto the bottom grate of thefireboX. At first, the material accumulates on the sections 44 of thebottom grate, and the doors or valves 42 are closed so that no airpasses upwardly through the side wall grates 40. The bottom grate beinglower down than usual will add depth to the hrebox so that it can holdmore material andl operate with a heavy fire. As 'the materialaccumulates on the bottom grate it over-- flows the bottom grate andpiles' up on the side wall grates 40. The valves or doors 42" are thenopened so that air is delivered into the conduits 39 to pass upwardlythrough the grates 40. In this way, the grate surface is increased asthe material on the grates accumulates, thus taking care of theincreased material and combustion above the grates. The full supply ofair is not necessary, however, until the material accumulates over thegrates 40. The ashes that drop down through the bottom grate are caughtby the truck or car 56, and any ashes that drop down through the grates40 accumulate in the conduit 39 andinay be cleaned out from time totime. lVhen one truck 56 be come.` lilled it may be moved rearwardlyinto the tunnel 53, and Ianother truck may be located in the ash pit. sothat the filled truck in the ash pit giving oll smoke and fumes from theashes will result in such smoke and fumes being carried with the airinto the tit) loi)

l no

lill) ash pit 43and grates so that the smoke and irebox. lilled truckcan thus be left in the tunnel 53 until the ashes thereon stop y igiving oli smoke or fumes, afterwhich the truckmay` be removed anddumped. The

'products ofcombusti-on from the irebox pass through the opening 66 intothe flue '65, and in passing rearwardly through the tubular members 72the soot, ashes and otherparticles pass into the flue 67, 4ashereinbefore described, while the more complete products of combustionremain at thecenters of the streams and `pass rearwardly through the-tubes 7 3 tothe opening 76. The heavier materials pass dow-n throughthe flue 67 into the tunnel 53 and some if not all of them are returnedto the reboxto be consumed. The gases from the basket grate, due to theheating of the wet or reen refuse in the basket grate, will pass t roughthe opening `into the space 61.. 'If the gases leaving the basket grateare clear then the valve 71 may be swung to close the flue 68, so thatthegases will pass down in rear of. the partition 64 to the opening 76.If the gases leaving the basket grate contain smoke and green gases, thevalve 71 is swung rearwardly to close the. flue in rear of thepartitionV 64, so that the gases pass .down

through the return flue 68 into the tunnel 53, from which the gases passthrough the green gases are consumed. Thus, smoke and green gasespassing through either of the openings 60 and 66 are returned back to.the rebox so that the unburned particles mav be burned in returning tothe fire.

"he gases passing through the opening 76 are separated,fthe valve ordamper 78 being opened so that, in addition to the forced draft createdby the air discharged through the nozzle 54. there is a natural draft upthe smokel stack 75. The iiames and more complete productsfof combustiontravel .along l the center of the stream, as well known, and` ..45

pass through the center of the flue-way leading from the opening 76 tothe opening 77 .while the smoke. and green gases moving4 natural draftis not sufficient for this purpose, thenthe fany87 is operated to createa forced draft up through the layers 90 of filtering material, and thefiltered gas is discharged from either opening 83 or 85 into the smokestack. In this way, smoke'and green- A gases are eliminated, so that thegases disi charging from the smoke stack will not constitute a nuisanceoixbe'obnoxious.l s I t will be noted that the flue-way is tapered ordecreases in size from the opening 76 to the opening 77, thereby havinga tendency to compress the gases liowinv through said flue-way, and thesmokel an .green gases remaining at the outside of the stream-will becrowded through the slotsforopenings between the separators 7 9, 8O and81-into the space A82. The draft extending through the -space 82v willserve to draw the smoke and green gases from the separating means, so asnot to impair the iow of gases from the furnace to the smoke stack,inasmuch as the gases flowing through the space 82 pass into the smokestack through the opening 83 orv the opening 85 and fan 87. This draft-.through the space82 will assist in drawing the smoke and green gasesfrom the separating means through the filtering material 90.1 Theliltering beds or layers may be 0f any suitable area or extentnecessary, and4 the filtering material may be removed and replaced-asoften as necessary. The housing 74 has clean-out doors 91'in order thatsoot and other accumulations may be removed. I

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new is l. Anincinerator base, walls above the base deiinin a com- `'bustion chamber,a bottom grate within the base, side. wall grates between the' bottomgrate and o posite side walls and forming a trebox wit the bottom grate,air conduits extending below and opening throiigh said side wall grates,means for controlling the side walls and baseV having door openingsbetween them immediately above said side wall grates for access to' saidfireboX, doors for said door openings, and a basket grate between saidside walls above the bottom vgrate for holding mate-rial to be consumedand from which the' material dropsv on the bottom grate between the sidewall grates.

2. An incineratcr -furnace comprising a furnace comprising a flow ofair' through said air conduits, the

base, walls above the base forming a com bustion chamber, a bottom gratewithin the base, side wall gratesl between the bottom grate and oppositeside walls and forming a fire-box with the bottom grate, air conduitsextending below and opening through Said side wall grates, the basehaving a tunnel extending bellow the bottom grate, means for blowing airinto said tunnel in a direction to pass below the bottom grate, theairconduits having open ends arranged to receive the ai-r blown in adirection to pass under said bottom grate, means controlling the How-ofi ir into said ends of the air conduits, the side walls and base havingdoor openings between vthem immediately abovev said side wall grates foraccess to said lirebox, doorsv for said openings, and a basketgratebetween said side walls above the bottom grate for holding materialto be consumed and from which the material drops on the bottom 'gratebetween the side wall grates.

3. An incinerator furnace comprising a base, walls above the basedefining a com bustion chamber, a bottom grate within the base. the basehaving a tunnel extending below said bottom grate. means for blowing airinto said tunnel in a direction to pass under said bottom grate. and atruck mov; able in said tunnel to a position below the bottom grate toreceive ashes passing througlrsaid bottom grate and movable to aposition beyond the bottom grate and Aat a point Where smoke and fumesrising from the trucks are carried by the air blown into said tunnel toand through said bottom grate. Y

4. An incinerator furnace comprising a base, Walls above the base,grates within said base and forming a firebox, opposite Side walls andsaid base having door openings between them extending` the length ofsaid grates and located immediately above said grates to provide accessto the firebox` throughout the length thereof, a series of doorsslidable in each of said openings to be separated at any pointthroughout the length of the gratos, and a basket grate between saidside walls above the first named grates for holding material to be'consumed and lflrom which the material drops into said fire- 5. Anincinerator furnace comprising a base, Walls above the base. 'grateswithin 35 said grates to provide access to the firebox 40 throughout thelength thereof, a series of y doors slidable in each of said openings tobe separated at any point throughout the length of the gratas.I and abasket grate between said side walls above the first named grates forholding material to be consumed and from which the material drops intosaid lircboin said doors bein formed with heat reflectors on the innersides thereof for con` centrat-ii g the heat on the material in thetirebox at different points of the reboirrbetween the ends thereof. d

6. An incinerator furnace comprising a base, a. bottom grate in saidbase, upper side'E wall beams, hangers depending, from said 56YYY beams,members supported by said hangers f above said base, brick walls mountedon said members, a basket grate mounted ont said beams and suspendedbetween said walls above the bottom grate, said members and no basebeing spaced apart to 'provide openings for access to the fireboxbetween said bottom and basket grates, and doors for said openings.

day of May, l1925.

BERNARD F. SHAUGHNESSY.

signed at washington, D. oi, this 29th 05

